Nato

The main reasons lay in the recent NATO summit and Turkey's moves which Russia saw as provocations and often ignoring Russia's security concerns and interests.

For the first time in its history, G7 commits to take security guarantees for a country in the world.

It is purely the listing of China's guidelines for ending the war in Ukraine.

Strategic trust could be built on the condition that both sides respect each other, and their aspirations.

The US and Nato almost immediately refused Russia's two security proposals.

Macron's deliberately provocative remarks are also aiming at profiling himself as Europe's leader.