Vietnam needs a financial protection strategy to better protect its population and budget against the cost imposed by natural disasters. Bringing together different financial instruments to fund response and reconstruction, such a strategy should be one component of a broader disaster risk management and climate change plan.
Preventing natural disaster is necessary for economic growth.
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According to the catastrophe risk model, presented at the workshop, Vietnam is likely to incur, on average, VND 30.2 trillion (USD 1.4 billion) every year in physical damages due to floods, typhoons and earthquakes. Residential and public assets (buildings and infrastructures) contribute 65% and 11% of total damage, respectively. It shows that in the next 50 years, Vietnam has a 40% chance of experiencing damage exceeding VND 141.2 trillion (USD 6.7 billion) from typhoons, floods or earthquake. Provinces in the North Central region that experience higher poverty rates are more likely to face higher economic losses.
This model, developed for the first time in Vietnam, provides the Government with better assessment of the likelihood and severity of loss from catastrophes. It can also be used to plan for the financial impacts of catastrophes before they occur.
With regard to disaster risk financing instruments currently in use by the government as well as international experience, the government currently relies on a number of funding sources to finance disaster response and recovery, including contingency budgets at the central and local levels, specific budget allocation, in-kind state reserves, financial reserve funds, disaster prevention and control funds, risk transfer instruments such as insurance, and donor grants.
There is, however, a heavy reliance on state budgets at all levels to fund post disaster costs. Disaster prevention and control funds established at the provincial level are still subject to a number of constraints that prevent them from being fully operationalized across provinces, while innovative risk transfer instruments are in its infancy.
“Establishing a financial system for risk management and disaster risk transfer is essential for Vietnam’s development, insurance in particular would be an effective solution, not only to ease the burden on the state budget and transfer risks to international markets, but also help raise awareness about the importance of planning to mitigate the effects of climate hazards and natural disasters.”
Participants at the workshop also discussed a number of options for the government to strengthen financial resilience, including: Developing a cost-effective financial protection strategy that builds on an optimal combination of financial instruments, including contingency budgets, national and local disaster (multi-year) reserves, contingent credit, and risk transfer instruments (including insurance) to ensure that cheaper sources of money are used first, with the most expensive instruments used only in exceptional circumstances. This also helps to channel funding in an efficient and timely manner to disaster affected groups.
Making disaster risk finance an integral part of a broader disaster risk management and climate change plan, complementing investments in prevention and risk mitigation; Reviewing the policy, legal, institutional and operational frameworks for the fund for natural disaster prevention and control to strengthen the financial resilience of the provinces. Recognizing that the private sector is an essential partner as they can bring capital, technical expertise, and innovative financial solutions to better protect the government and society against natural disasters.
