Foreign countries have pumped around US$78 million of (ODA) funds into Vietnam, which has largely been used quite effectively.
However, there are legitimate questions as to whether or to what extent the nation should continue to rely on the preferential capital source for continued development during the renewal process.
There are also lingering questions as to the extent of fraud, waste and abuse in the ODA funding process, however limited that may be, and the full ramifications and costs of such abuse.
Though the country effectively uses ODA funds, there are a number of smaller abuses and a few more serious crimes related to its use, says National Assembly (NA) deputy Le Thi Nga, Vice Chairwoman of the NA Committee for Judicial Affairs.
Losses, wastefulness, and corruption in a number of ODA-funded projects have badly affected the quality of a few projects and damaged Vietnam’s reputation for donors, as typified by the PMU18, Huynh Ngoc Sy and JTC scandals.
It’s noteworthy that despite a number of inspection and supervision mechanisms, the big violations have only been detected by foreign partners, she says.
Nga appreciates the timely settlement of the recent JTC scandal by the Ministers of Public Security and Transport and people’s supreme procuracy, saying it demonstrates the State’s clear stance on strictly dealing with violations related to ODA.
Nga analyses ODA is mainly managed by the Government’s decree 38 and donors’ regulations, however, these complicated regulations have resulted in the low efficiency of law enforcement.
The decree and regulations on ensuring publicity, transparency and responsibility are just in principle, but they won’t effectively prevent abuses or corruption related to ODA funds, Nga adds.
The legal framework on ODA reveals two major loopholes. The NA, who has responsibility for the public debt is not proactively overseeing the ODA funding process and decision making process.
Secondly, citizens who ultimately will have to repay the ODA funds along with finance costs through their taxes are just sitting on the sidelines as well, and are not exercising a strong voice in the ODA funding process.
NA deputies have proposed the NA promulgate laws on management of ODA use with a focus on criteria for accepting, allocating ODA capital and publicising ODA-funded projects.
Certainly, ODA is part of the public investment and debt. It also heavily influences the country’s national prestige and reputation, but the NA has historically not adequately exercised proper oversight, Nga says.
In fact, over the past two decades, although several ODA use-related violations have stirred up public concern, the NA has not conducted any outright direct supervision of the ODA funding process.
The NA Committee for Economic Affairs and the NA Committee for Financial and Budgetary Affairs have not supervised the issue yet, she adds.
It is very important to clearly understand that dealing with misuses of ODA funds are slowly, pushing up the public debt, Nga says, asking the NA to implement stricter ODA supervision.
The NA should also implement a national strategy to reduce and eventually stop the use of ODA funding as the country is becoming overly dependent on it, a failure of development strategy.
