Hanoi's pho declared national intangible heritage

Hanoi's iconic dish, pho, has been officially listed as Vietnam's National Intangible Cultural Heritage since August 9, 2024. This designation not only underscores the historical and cultural significance of pho, but also paves the way for the preservation and promotion of this culinary treasure.

Hanoi pho bowl. Photo: Nghiendulich

From its humble origins as a street snack in the early 1900s, pho has evolved into a widely recognized symbol of Hanoi cuisine. Known for its aromatic broth and delicate rice noodles, traditional Hanoi pho is typically served in two main varieties: beef and chicken. A perfect blend of flavors and textures, the dish is often accompanied by fresh herbs, spices, and crispy fried dough sticks.

Beyond its nutritional value, pho serves as a cultural bridge, uniting people from all backgrounds. Its preservation is owed to generations of pho artisans who have carefully guarded and passed down their craft, transforming family-run pho shops into cherished cultural landmarks.

Famous pho eateries in Hanoi include Pho Ong Dao, which started as a mobile pho cart in the Old Quarter, and Pho Thin Bo Ho, which was founded by Bui Chi Thin in the 1950s. By 2023, Hanoi boasted nearly 700 pho shops, with the highest concentrations in districts such as Hoan Kiem, Ba Dinh, and Hai Ba Trung. 

In cooperation with local authorities and communities, the Hanoi Department of Culture and Sports has undertaken comprehensive documentation of pho's history, preparation techniques, and cultural value to apply for pho's inclusion on the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, cementing its status as a vital element of Vietnam's culinary heritage.

The designation is expected to have a far-reaching impact, encouraging initiatives to preserve the traditional artistry of pho while promoting it as a symbol of Hanoi's cultural identity.

To commemorate the recognition of Hanoi’s pho as a national intangible cultural heritage, the Hanoi Cuisine Festival 2024 will take place from November 29 to December 1 at Thong Nhat Park. Under the theme "Hanoi Connecting the World," the festival aims to showcase the unique culinary traditions of the capital and promote its rich heritage on a global scale.

The festival will open with a formal ceremony to honor pho's new status, attended by city officials, cultural ambassadors, and culinary experts. Renowned Vietnamese artist Xuan Bac will also be present, lending his support to enhance the cultural appeal of pho and its significance as a symbol of Hanoi’s heritage.

A highlight of the event is a panel discussion titled "Preserving and Promoting Hanoi's Pho Heritage," where culinary experts and master pho artisans will share insights into the legacy and evolution of this iconic dish. This discussion will shed light on the efforts to safeguard traditional recipes while embracing innovation to meet contemporary tastes. Visitors will also have the chance to explore an exhibition of pho-related photography, capturing the dish's journey as a cultural emblem of Hanoi.

The "Pho Digital Hanoi" program offers a unique blend of tradition and technology. It features two distinct spaces: a traditional pho area showcasing famous brands like Pho Thin Bo Ho and Pho Ga 37 Hung Vuong, and an innovative space where pho is served by intelligent robots. These experiences are designed to appeal to both long-time enthusiasts and curious newcomers, highlighting the versatility and timeless appeal of pho.

Beyond its culinary focus, the festival will host traditional cultural performances, providing attendees with an immersive experience of Hanoi’s rich artistic heritage. From music and dance to folk traditions, these activities aim to deepen visitors' understanding of the city's cultural fabric.

The Hanoi Cuisine Festival 2024 aspires to position the city as a premier culinary destination while fostering collaboration with international organizations, businesses, and embassies. By spotlighting traditional food and cultural tourism, the event seeks to elevate Hanoi’s global profile, attract foreign investment, and stimulate economic growth, all while enriching the city’s cultural offerings.

Pho, a culinary treasure that transcends generations, embodies Hanoi's deep cultural roots and serves as a bridge between Vietnam and the world. The festival celebrates this heritage, ensuring its preservation and appreciation for generations to come.